Below are the images we created (everything had to fit on an a4, the text I wrote is further down.)
Port Harcourt, Nigeria encompasses a metropolitan area approaching 5.7 million people in the Niger Delta. Our focus is on the waterfronts, the flashpoint for cyclical social and ecological tensions in the region. The delta is the hub of the Nigerian oil industry with the largest oil refining capacity in sub-Saharan Africa. This abundance of oil has attracted many multinational corporations to Port Harcourt, however, in a highly unregulated system reminiscent of the colonial past, only a fraction of that wealth is invested locally with most of the extracted petroleum piped directly to coastal export terminals. This combination of rapid industrialization with unparalleled environmental destruction has effectively ended a rural way of life and catalyzed explosive urban growth. With an average of one oil spill a day since 1970, the devastation on the landscape ecology has placed Port Harcourt residents among the most vulnerable to rising sea levels associated with Global Warming.
IDEA
Our design is a system of adaptable, floating, modular platforms supported by reused oil barrels that integrate the social and ecological functions of the cityscape into the wetlands ecosystem. In addition to modules for housing, cooking, and bathrooms, there are floating gardens which employ bio-remediative technology consisting of specifically chosen of aquatic and semi-acqautic plants to absorb heavy metals and toxins. Inspired by similar systems used on canals in Baima, China, this detox allows for a regeneration of mangrove rhizomes, the aquatic habibtat which surpports subsistence fishing and a fundamental part in preventing flooding and erosion. Guiding principles of our design were taken from the “Abonnema Wharf Community's Proposed Alternatives to Waterfronts Demolition”, as well as principles of mangrove ecology – the glue that binds the Niger Delta wetlands ecosystem. As a synthesis of these ecological and social principles, our design can be seen as a manifestation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) techniques, modeled in Bangladesh.
IMPLEMENTATION
Process is a key part of the design. Floating platforms are immediately inhabitable and modularity allows for communities and extended famillies to remain intact. This incremental process minimizes social disruptions associated with conventional massive slum clearance . Once waterfront restoration has been completed, modules can be permanently moored closer to the shore within the mangrove corridor. A cornerstone of this wetland ecosystem, mangroves prevent erosion, provide habitat, as well as process carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Under normal conditions, mangroves respond to rising sea levels by retreating inland to a location where the water is sufficiently brackish. However, the current static, hard urbanism of Port Harcourt is incompatible with mangrove ecology and prevents the rhizomes from penetrating the urban fabric with rising salt water tides. This condition, combined with reckless oil spilling put the vital wetlands ecosystem in jeopardy. Beyond merely an architecture of compromise and coexistence, our proposal is for an urbanism of symbiosis that recognizes the importance of the mangrove rhizome as fundamental to the survival of all life in the Niger Delta. Floating module assemblages mimic mangrove ecology, and floating gardens aid in water purification. Further, corridors penetrate Port Harcourt's urban grid to allow mangrove rhizomes to reclaim space in the existing park system.
CONSEQUENCES
According to the recommendations by the Abonnema Wharf Homeowners, our modular design encourages urban decentralization and economic autonomy of homeowners' and residents, while providing acceptable levels of sanitation and other amenities unseen in slum development. As cited in the Homeowner's proposal, the heavy hand of modern architecture has proven ineffective in long-term social change unless it addresses the root causes of poverty. Because the centralized, rationalist organization of the Modern city cannot not account for the dynamism of its environment, or even inhabitants, we embrace a solution of informality and flux .
Our intervention is not a panacea for the social and environmental crisis in the Niger Delta. However, by developing and highlighting conditions of interaction and interdependence between social and ecological systems, a landscape of destruction can be overcome and the effects of rising tides associated with climate change mitigated.
